11/24/2023 0 Comments Functions of synovial fluid![]() ![]() Glucose (mg/dl) concentration in synovial fluid is nearly equal to serum. + (S aureus & Streptococcus) - (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Synovial fluid may be classified into normal, noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic, and hemorrhagic:Ĭlassification of synovial fluid in an adult knee joint. Synovial fluid may be collected by syringe in a procedure termed arthrocentesis, also known as joint aspiration. It also contains phagocytic cells that remove microbes and the debris that results from normal wear and tear in the joint.Ĭlinical significance Collection There also is some evidence that it helps regulate synovial cell growth. Chiefly, it is responsible for so-called boundary-layer lubrication, which reduces friction between opposing surfaces of cartilage. Synovial fluid contains lubricin (also known as PRG4) as a second lubricating component, secreted by synovial fibroblasts. Hyaluronan is synthesized by the synovial membrane and secreted into the joint cavity to increase the viscosity and elasticity of articular cartilages and to lubricate the surfaces between synovium and cartilage. Normal synovial fluid contains 3–4 mg/ml hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid), a polymer of disaccharides composed of D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetyl glucosamine joined by alternating beta-1,4 and beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Synovial fluid has thixotropic characteristics under conditions of sudden increase in pressure as in some kind of mechanical shock, its viscosity suddenly increases. Synovial fluid exhibits non-Newtonian flow characteristics the viscosity coefficient is not a constant and the fluid is not linearly viscous. Synovial fluid is made of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases. ![]() Two cell types (type A and type B) are present: Type A is derived from blood monocytes, and it removes the wear-and-tear debris from the synovial fluid. Synovial tissue is sterile (meaning microorganisms are not typically found there ) and composed of vascularized connective tissue that lacks a basement membrane. This function is dependent on the molecular weight of the hyaluronan. molecular sieving - pressure within the joint forces hyaluronan in the fluid against the synovial membrane forming a barrier against cells migrating into, or fluid migrating out of, the joint space. ![]()
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